English Phonemes ＆ Phonics

(1) Sounds & Phonemes
Sounds

	[1] Positioning	[2] Tone	[3] Volume
	The 3 elements of Sounds
Conso_ nants	place of articulation	exhalation / friction	voiceless or voiced
Conso_ nants	Hold the lower lip or tongue in contact with organs such as upper teeth.	The sound is adjusted by the combination of how to exhale and the presence or absence of friction.	Makes voiceless or voiced due to the absence of vocal cord vibration.
Vowels	vowel tongue positions	hard or soft / long or short	stress or stressless
Vowels	Hold the tongue in any of the 9 locations: 3 (front, center, and back) × 3 (upper, middle, and lower) ＝9 locations.	It is the tension or relaxation tones, and a combination of long or short vowels.	Makes a strong vowel or a weak vowel depending on the stress or stressless.

Explain Video

Vowel phonemes



Short vowels	[1] Short vowle
	[2] Short vowle+ɚ			-			-	-	-

	[5] Schwa (Soft)		-		-	-	-
	[5] Schwa (Hard)		-		-	-	-

Long vowels	[3] Long vowle						-
	[4] Long vowle+ɚ

	[5] Schwa (Soft)	-	-	-	-
	[6] Schwa (Hard)	-	-	-	-

(2) The 4 Language Skills (Listening, Speaking, Reading, Writing) and Phonemes

In any language, the inability to read correctly makes it difficult to acquire the 4 language skills of listening, speaking, reading, and writing.
The relationship between the 4 language skills and phonemes is as follows:

【 Listening 】Recognizing speech by phonemes
We perceive and analyze words by recognizing phonemes, which are the smallest units of sound that include consonants and vowels.

【 Speaking 】Expressing phonemes through speech
We break down words into units of phonemes and pronounce them.

【 Reading 】Recognizing spelling by phonemes
We recognize the spelling of words by identifying the units of phonemes they contain.

【 Writing 】Expressing phonemes through spelling
We write words using letters that represent their phonemes.

(3) Hierarchical Structure of "Sound to Text" in English

In English, the hierarchy from phonemes to sentences is as follows:

" (1) Phoneme → (2) Sound / Letter → (3) Syllable → (4) Word → (5) Phrase → (6) Clause/Sentence → (7) Text "

	Sounds		Letters
	【Hearing】 / 【speaking】		【Reading】 / 【writing】

(1) Phoneme			consonant phonemes / vowel phonemes (concatenation of sounds)		consonant phoneme letters / vowel phonemes letters (concatenation of letters)
(2) Sounds / Letter			consonants / vowels		consonant letters / vowel letters
(3) Syllable			consonant phonemes + a vowel phoneme + consonant phonemes		consonant phoneme letters + a vowel phonemes letter + consonant phoneme letters
(4) Word			a syllable + a syllable…		a syllable + a syllable…

(5) Phrase		a word sound + a word sound…		a word spell + a word spell…
(6) Clause / Sentence		a phrase sound + a phrase sound…		a phrase spell + a phrase spell…
(7) Text	a sentence sound + a sentence sound……		a sentence spell + a sentence spell…

This site is an excerpt from the Kindle version of " English Phonemes and Phonics (英語音素とフォニックス)".

We hope this will be an opportunity for you to learn English phonemes.

All the staff

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